Measurement theory and practice
نویسنده
چکیده
Measurement forms the basis for empirical health services research including pharmaceutical practice and policy research. The measurement process is designed to record and capture the underlying construct and concept. In healthcare, critical policy and practice discussions are based on cost, quality, and access. These concepts or constructs have to be measured and analyzed using variables to evaluate the performance of a healthcare system at the patient, family, institution, and population levels. Each of these constructs is complex and often requires multiple measures or variables to capture the underlying concepts. Advances in measurement of each of these dimensions have led to improvement in the healthcare system. For example, the development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), diagnostic-related groups (DRGs), and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) has led to changes in healthcare delivery and reimbursement. In recent years, measurement of quality of healthcare based on structure, process, and outcome has gained significance due to its importance in healthcare delivery (Donabedian 2003). The measurement process involves a systematic assignment of values or numbers to observations based on a priori rules of measurement (Viswanathan 2005). It is a critical step in quantitative research because it also defines the subsequent steps in conducting research such as analysis and
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